Error Self-Compensation Phase Retrieval for Binary Fringe Projection Profilometry

Error-diffusion-based binary-defocusing fringe projection enables high-speed 3D measurement, but systematic phase errors introduced during binarization can degrade reconstruction accuracy. To address this problem, we propose EDFv2, a unified Error Diffusion Fusion framework for arbitrary-step phase-shifting fringe projection. EDFv2 exploits the complementary phase errors generated by forward and inverse diffusion kernels and redesigns the binarization process according to the phase-shifting configuration. For three-step phase shifting, each fringe is binarized twice with complementary kernels to achieve effective error cancellation. For phase-shifting schemes with more steps, the binarization flow is reorganized to preserve the same compensation mechanism for both even- and odd-step configurations. Since the proposed strategy operates only during binary-pattern generation, it introduces no additional computational overhead during phase reconstruction. Experiments under different phase-shifting steps, fringe periods, and defocus levels demonstrate that EDFv2 consistently reduces binarization-induced phase errors while retaining the high-speed advantage of binary projection.