Reconstruction-Aware Distribution Matching for Inverse Problems with Unpaired Data

Recovering the forward operator of an imaging system from unpaired data avoids both calibration hardware and the clean/degraded pairs that supervision requires—pairs that, for a real lens, are often impossible to acquire. Existing unpaired approaches that explicitly estimate the forward operator by distribution matching evaluate a candidate only through the measurements it generates, whose distribution should match that of the real ones. Components suppressed by the operator are barely present in the degraded images, and therefore barely constrain the operator under such a criterion. Yet inversion precisely tries to recover them. As a result, two operators that are nearly indistinguishable as forward models can invert very differently. We address this by adding a comparison on the clean side: real degraded images, once restored, should be distributed like clean ones. Restorations are computed by a differentiable plug-and-play algorithm parameterized by the operator being learned. On spatially varying PSF calibration and blind super-resolution, the method recovers more accurate operators than degraded-side matching alone, and closes much of the gap to restoration with the true operator.