acceptodds
Under review as a conference paper at ICLR 2027

Plausible Future, Wrong Choice: Steering World-Action Models toward Intended Future

Abstract

World-Action Models (WAMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for embodied generalist policies by jointly modeling future world evolution and robot actions across diverse manipulation tasks. However, representing diverse futures is only the first step: a capable WAM must also generate futures that match the requirements of the current task and execution progress. In long-horizon manipulation where similar observation-action segments occur across different tasks and stages, existing approaches may generate locally plausible yet misdirected rollouts to drift toward wrong task stage, i.e., a phenomenon we term . To address this problem, we propose , a closed-loop, stage-aware framework that represents fine-grained task requirements with and tracks execution progress with , forming a structured task state to steer world–action generation toward intended future. We further introduce , a controlled multi-stage manipulation benchmark with parameterized stage variations and automated evaluation. Extensive experiments on both simulation benchmarks and real-world tasks demonstrate that TaskWAM effectively reduces confusion and achieves competitive performance with state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, TaskWAM provides strong plug-and-play transfer across heterogeneous WAM architectures and robot embodiments, including single-arm robots, dual-arm grippers, dexterous hands, and humanoid robots.

open until 14 Dec 2026

est. 32% chance this paper gets accepted at ICLR 2027.

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