Soft Spatial Reasoning

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) commonly perform spatial reasoning through chain-of-thought (CoT), encoding intermediate reasoning as autoregressive sequences of discrete language tokens. Such *hard thinking* requires committing to a single token at each step, even when the correct spatial interpretation remains uncertain. This early commitment constitutes *premature discretization*: an incorrect token selection can propagate errors through subsequent reasoning. We propose **Soft Spatial Reasoning**, a post-training framework that introduces *soft thinking* for spatial tasks in LVLMs. At each intermediate reasoning step, the LVLM forms a continuous soft state by mixing token embeddings rather than selecting a single token, allowing multiple candidate continuations to influence the next step. The appropriate degree of softness, however, can vary across reasoning steps: retaining multiple candidates may preserve a useful spatial interpretation, but if those candidates imply conflicting spatial relations, mixing them may interfere with subsequent reasoning. At the core of Soft Spatial Reasoning is **AdaptSoft**, a controller that uses the current hidden state and predictive uncertainty to adapt the degree of softness at each reasoning step. To train AdaptSoft, we introduce a gradient-alignment learning objective that provides a step-specific learning signal for softness control without intermediate reasoning supervision. Across diverse spatial benchmarks, Soft Spatial Reasoning outperforms hard and fixed-soft CoT baselines using the same backbone, as well as a range of existing LVLMs. The source code is available in the supplementary material.