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Published as a conference paper at NeurIPS 2026

Harnessing Agentic Evolution

Jiayi Zhang, Yongfeng Gu, Jianhao Ruan, Maojia Song, Yiran Peng, Zhiguang Han, Jinyu Xiang, Zhitao Wang, Caiyin Yang, Bang Liu, Chenglin Wu, Yuyu Luo

Abstract

Agentic evolution has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving programs, workflows, and scientific solutions. It iteratively generates candidate artifacts, evaluates them against a task objective, and uses the resulting feedback to guide subsequent evolution. Existing methods typically instantiate this paradigm either through fixed hand-designed procedures that are modular but rigid, or through general-purpose agents that flexibly integrate feedback but can drift as context grows, leaving long-horizon search vulnerable to local optima. Both routes share a deeper limitation: long-horizon evolution accumulates candidates, feedback, traces, and failures over time, but lacks a stable interface for organizing this evidence and revising the mechanism that drives future evolution. We therefore formulate agentic evolution as an interactive environment, where the accumulated evolution context becomes process-level state. A meta-agent acts on this environment not by directly generating the next candidate, but by editing the mechanism that controls how future evolution proceeds. We introduce AEvo, a harnessed framework for meta-editing agentic evolution. It standardizes the evolution environment and provides a unified interface for observing accumulated evidence and editing the mechanism that drives future evolution. This lets AEvo revise both hand-designed procedures and agent operating contexts, reducing local-optimum risks in long-horizon evolution. Empirical evaluations on agentic and reasoning benchmarks show that AEvo outperforms 5 evolution baselines, achieving a 26% relative improvement over the strongest baseline. Furthermore, across 3 open-ended optimization tasks, AEvo outperforms 4 evolution baselines and achieves state-of-the-art performance under the same iteration budget.

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