Not All Layers Need Tuning: Selective Layer Restoration Recovers Diversity

Post-training improves instruction-following and helpfulness of large language models (LLMs) but often reduces generation diversity, which leads to repetitive outputs in open-ended settings, a phenomenon known as mode collapse. Motivated by evidence that LLM layers play distinct functional roles, we hypothesize that post-training-induced diversity loss is unevenly distributed across layers and that restoring a carefully chosen range of layers to their pre-trained weights can recover diversity while maintaining high output quality. To operationalize this idea, we design a proxy task—Constrained Random Character (CRC)—with an explicit validity set and a natural diversity objective. Results on CRC reveal a clear diversity–validity trade-off across restoration ranges and identify configurations that increase diversity with minimal quality loss. Based on these findings, we propose Selective Layer Restoration (SLR), a training-free method that restores selected layers in a post-trained model to their pre-trained weights, yielding a hybrid model with the same architecture and parameter count, incurring no additional inference cost. Across three different tasks (creative writing, open-ended question answering, and multi-step reasoning) and three different model families (Llama, Qwen, and Gemma), we find SLR can consistently and substantially improve output diversity while maintaining high output quality.