ChatDev 3.0: Enabling Distributed Multi-Agent Collaboration under Execution Asymmetry

LLM-based agents are expanding into complex digital workflows that span diverse users and devices with heterogeneous information, authority, and execution states. We characterize these environments by execution asymmetry: while information can cross boundaries through communication, actions remain bounded by user authorization and environment-local interfaces. We present ChatDev 3.0, a distributed multi-agent runtime that explicitly structures collaboration along user-authority and environment-locality boundaries. ChatDev 3.0 employs User Agents to maintain user intent, context, and authority, and Device Agents to execute delegated tasks through local observations and action interfaces. A unified communication protocol and an asynchronous event-driven runtime allow agents to operate concurrently and synchronize only when task dependencies require it. Evaluations on cross-user coordination and cross-device execution benchmarks show that ChatDev 3.0 achieves higher aggregate task success than the evaluated baselines, while also improving execution efficiency in cross-device tasks.