InfraDev: Can Coding Agents Develop AI Infrastructure, and How Can We Tell?

Coding agents are beginning to develop the production-grade AI infrastructure that trains and serves large models, yet existing benchmarks cover only single kernels or single-GPU tasks, and grade with tests and prompts that misjudge both correct and incorrect patches. We introduce InfraDev, a benchmark of 36 tasks built from real-world pull requests to Megatron-LM, vLLM, and verl, covering infrastructure development for training, inference, and reinforcement learning. Each task asks an agent to reimplement a real change that spans many files and must run correctly across many GPUs. To grade such changes, we jointly synthesize hidden probes, which enforce the requirements the original tests leave unchecked, and a prompt that states every interface the probes call without revealing the solution. We also design a shared execution environment that reuses dependencies and artifacts across tasks, cutting environment build time by 30-50% and storage by 42-46% on Megatron-LM and vLLM. Across six frontier models, the best resolves only 38.9% of the tasks; the probes reject 32% of the submissions that pass every official test, and with the original pull request descriptions as prompts, no model resolves a single task. Failure analysis shows that structural and state errors dominate and that agents' own tests rarely check memory, time, or traffic. Turning these findings into an agent skill raises the resolved rate of a frontier model on the Megatron-LM tasks by 10.5%.