Taco-Graph: Automated Construction of Text-Attributed Graphs

Graph-structured representations of text data have become foundational across machine learning, yet it remains unclear how to systematically construct a graph from a given dataset for a target task. Choices about which entities become nodes, which relationships become edges, and what text each node contains can substantially affect downstream performance. In practice, finding optimal constructions often requires expert knowledge or manual trial and error. We introduce TACO-Graph, a decision tree framework for learning which graph construction choices are most effective for a given dataset and task. Specifically, we focus on text-attributed graphs (TAGs) constructed from multi-attribute tabular data. TACO-Graph enumerates valid TAG representations, scores each using fast proxy evaluation on small representative subsets, and trains an interpretable decision tree on those scores. Across five datasets spanning citation networks, product reviews, and bibliographic relationships, our decision trees predict construction quality on separately drawn evaluation samples with mean Spearman $\rho$ above $0.9$ for node classification and above $0.8$ for GraphRAG retrieval. Our trees systematically identify which constructions perform better across both GNN and GraphRAG tasks, and the full pipeline is released as an open-source library to support evaluation on new tasks and datasets. TACO-Graph provides a systematic and interpretable guide for determining how to convert tabular data to text-attributed graphs for downstream tasks.