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Under review as a conference paper at ICLR 2027

Statistical Equivalence Does Not Determine Streaming Memory

Abstract

Can asymptotically equivalent statistical experiments have different streaming-memory complexity? For every fixed , we construct explicit finite realizable learning problems with concepts on uniformly sampled points, where . Their labeled-sample experiments have Le Cam distance at most uniformly over the sample count, while their base Gram matrices and robust-SQ profiles agree exactly up to radius . Nevertheless, one problem admits exact one-pass learning with samples and bits, whereas for every fixed ordered pass count , the other requires bits or samples, even for improper learners with error . Rare field equations and binary parity observations have identical pairwise correlations but different storage costs, separating unrestricted statistical simulation from fixed-pass streaming simulation.

open until 14 Dec 2026

est. 32% chance this paper gets accepted at ICLR 2027.

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