PolarVLM: When Polarization Meets Vision-Language Models

Mainstream vision-language models (VLMs) fundamentally struggle with severe optical ambiguities, such as reflections and transparent objects, due to the inherent limitations of standard RGB inputs. While polarization imaging captures polarimetric physical parameters that resolve these ambiguities, existing methods are constrained by fixed-format outputs and remain isolated from open-ended reasoning. To bridge this semantic-physical gap, we introduce **PolarVLM**, the first multimodal framework integrating polarimetric physical parameters into VLMs. By employing a dual-stream architecture and a progressive two-stage training strategy, PolarVLM effectively prevents physical misinterpretations while largely retaining general visual abilities. Complementing our architecture, we construct **PolarVQA**, the first benchmark for polarization-aware VQA, featuring 75K physics-grounded instruction-tuning pairs targeting reflective and transparent scenes. Experiments show that PolarVLM surpasses the RGB baseline by 25.4% overall across five evaluation tasks, with remarkable gains of 26.6% in reflection recognition and 34.0% in glass counting, successfully unlocking physics-aware semantic understanding.