Reflect After Failure: Brain-Inspired Self-Evolving Agents for Embodied Spatial Intelligence

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made substantial progress in spatial reasoning, and self-evolving agents further extend these capabilities to embodied environments by learning from interactions. However, current self-evolution remains particularly challenging in embodied spatial tasks, complex and multi-step decisions from partial visual evidence making it difficult to determine why an execution fails. The failure may stem from misperception, insufficient exploration, or incorrect planning, yet execution feedback alone rarely reveals which component is responsible. As a result, simply accumulating interaction experience can reinforce ineffective strategies. To address this, we propose HiMeco, a brain-inspired self-evolving agent for embodied spatial intelligence, inspired by metacognitive monitoring and hippocampal memory consolidation. Through Hippocampal-Metacognitive Reflection, HiMeco diagnoses failures in perception–exploration–planning (PEP), then compares execution attempts to derive reusable strategies and guidance for avoiding recurring errors. It also abstracts interaction programs into parameterized skills, using evidence contracts and execution-based validation to determine their retains and reuse. These strategies and skills guide subsequent interactions, with memory updated only between rounds and model parameters kept frozen. HiMeco achieves state-of-the-art performance on ESI-Bench, and it also improves accuracy on EmbSpatial-Bench by 3.94 percentage points without evolution.