CrossGMN: Graph Metanetworks for Cross-Architecture Weight-Space Transformations

Weight-space networks operate directly on parameters of other neural networks, enabling tasks such as predicting model properties, editing trained models, and generating weights. Equivariance has emerged as a key design principle for these networks, owing to weight-space symmetries such as neuron permutations. However, existing equivariant weight-space architectures have primarily been studied for transformations that preserve the network architecture. In contrast, many practical transformations, including model compression and upscaling, map a trained source network into a target network with a different architecture. In this setting, the source and target permutation symmetries act on different parameter spaces, making equivariance less straightforward to formulate. Our key idea for addressing this mismatch is to reformulate cross-architecture operators with two inputs: a trained source network and an initialization of the target network. This lets us define equivariant cross-architecture operators that refine the initialization of the target network using information from the source network, while being invariant to source-network permutations and equivariant to target-network permutations. Based on this formulation, we introduce CrossGMN, a graph metanetwork that jointly processes both networks through symmetry-preserving cross-network message passing. We prove CrossGMN is universal for continuous cross-architecture operators on compact sets under a general-position assumption. We further evaluate CrossGMN for model compression, where it predicts the parameters of a smaller network to accelerate subsequent knowledge distillation. Across 2-D and 3-D INRs and image classification with MLPs, CNNs, and Vision Transformers, CrossGMN speeds up distillation by up to 8.89×, transfers across datasets without retraining (3.78×), and a single model can accelerate compression from heterogeneous source architectures into a common target architecture.