Viscot-steer: Disentangling and Transferring Visual Chain-of-Thought via Activation Steering

Visual chain-of-thought (visual-CoT), also known as “thinking with images”, equips LVLMs with the ability to locate and use key visual evidence for reasoning. However, acquiring such visual-CoT capabilities requires costly post-training and tightly couples them to a specific backbone, making transfer to other LVLMs difficult. Existing cross-model transfer methods typically treat visual-CoT as a monolithic capability, using a unified representation that ignores the functional distinction between grounding and reasoning and introduces stage-irrelevant interventions. To address this problem, we propose Viscot-steer, a training-free activation steering framework for transferring visual-CoT capabilities across heterogeneous LVLMs. Specifically, Viscot-steer first disentangles visual-CoT into grounding and reasoning vectors and extracts them from the source-model layers associated with the corresponding capabilities. It then aligns the vectors with the activation space of the target model and steers the grounding and reasoning layers during bounding-box prediction and reasoning-trace generation, respectively. Across benchmarks covering high-resolution visual understanding, general visual perception and reasoning, and mathematical visual reasoning, Viscot-steer transfers capabilities from different visual-CoT models to architecturally diverse LVLMs and outperforms the strongest capability-transfer baseline by an average of 1.86 percentage points on the primary evaluation metrics.