Grounded Continuation: A Linear-Time Runtime Verifier for LLM Conversations

In a long conversation, an LLM may produce a fluent continuation that rests on premises the conversation has already abandoned. Context-manipulation attacks exploit precisely this weakness. We address this problem with a runtime verifier. An LLM Interpreter maps each utterance to one or more of eight epistemic operations, and then a symbolic engine applies these operations to a dependency map that records what every claim rests on and whether it still stands. Based on the dependency map, checking whether a continuation is grounded then reduces to a walk over the map, linear in its size and requiring no LLM call. Retraction propagates through the same map with a conflict-free guarantee and flags exactly the conclusions that lose support. Our experiments with five QA models demonstrate substantial improvements in QA accuracy at a low cost per query. On ReviseQA for belief revision and MemoryAgentBench's FactConsolidation split (MemAB-FC), the verifier outperforms a retrieval baseline and raises MemAB-FC single-hop accuracy from $0.46$–$0.95$ to $0.94$–$0.98$. With the verifier, even the small 7B model overtakes unaided GPT-4o. When a GPT-4o Interpreter extracts every update from raw text rather than taking the benchmarks' structured updates, the verifier still outperforms the retrieval baseline. Moreover, on MemAB-FC, QA prompts remain compact at $97$–$174$ tokens while the full-context baseline reaches $114.5$K. Retraction queries take less than a microsecond at $2000$ turns.