Expanding the Quality–Coverage Frontier with Competitive Flow Matching

Flow matching (FM) generators often face a quality-coverage tradeoff. Inference-time techniques such as classifier-free guidance raise quality, but at the cost of coverage. We hypothesize this limitation stems from a basic property of the objective – an intermediate noisy image could correspond to *many* clean images, yet the model can only predict a *single* velocity, at best averaging over the multiple possibilities. To mitigate this, we introduce competition among predictions during training. We achieve this by augmenting the predictor with a randomly drawn low-dimensional conditioning code *z*. For each training example, we sample *K* values of *z* to produce *K* candidate velocities that compete to explain the target, and apply the loss only to the best-matching candidate. This winner-take-all objective allows different modes to shape different predictions, rather than being averaged into a single compromise. Furthermore, this term naturally enables a new form of guidance, auxiliary conditioning scaling, which complements traditional guidance methods. Together, these two guidance mechanisms show that our method substantially improves the quality–coverage frontier. We validate on ImageNet-256, using two different testbeds, SiT and RAEv2. Given less than 3% of the original SiT pretraining compute for post-training, at the 67% Recall point, our method reduces FDᵣ,₆ from 19.22 to 5.91. On RAEv2, at the 70% Recall point, it reduces FDᵣ,₆ from 16.83 to 3.18.